Methods.  We followed rapid review processes provided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program.  We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies published in 2010 through April 11, 2024, supplemented by targeted gray literature searches and review of reference lists in relevant systematic reviews.

Findings.  Our searches identified 1,758 unique citations; we assessed 127 full-text articles using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria.  No studies met our inclusion criteria for our question on effectiveness.  Seven studies detailed implementation facilitators, barriers, and/or resource requirements.  Facilitators included effective communication, dedicated development time, using existing infrastructure, and existing relationships with wholesalers and suppliers.  Barriers included substantial upfront financial costs and staff time, disjointed communication, multiple data sources, and data coding errors.  Resources included upfront monetary investment, staff time, technology, and health information technology expertise.

Conclusions.  Despite a growing interest in supply chain monitoring programs and a demonstrated need highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no evidence on the effectiveness of these programs related to patient safety, supply access, or supply availability.  Future research is needed to assess the effectiveness of relevant interventions and unintended harms.

Funding

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